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Home / When Can I Feed My Baby Dairy Products

When Can I Feed My Baby Dairy Products

Can babies take dairy before historic period one?

Yep. Babies tin can have dairy as solid foods earlier age one, but the blazon and grooming matters. Dairy products such as full fat yogurt, low-sodium cheeses, butter, and ghee, are fine to offering to your infant after 6 months of age in age-appropriate amounts afterwards having successfully introduced fe-rich foods. Small amounts of milk can as well be used in cooking, as long it doesn't replace breastmilk or formula intake. This can be confusing since cow's milk or other milk drinks are not usually recommended until after 12 months of age.

Because cow'due south milk as a drink is consumed in much greater amounts than the other dairy foods mentioned, and often takes the place of, or tin can completely supersede breast milk and formula intake, its introduction earlier 11-12 months of historic period tin can lead to bug similar iron deficiency anemia and abdominal distress. This is because cow's milk is existence nutritionally incomplete, low in fe, and has proteins that tin can be hard to assimilate. 1 2 Interestingly, considering yogurt and cheese are fermented, the harder-to-digest proteins can get partially broken downwards, and may make them easier for baby to tolerate. iii iv Ghee and butter have minimal to no protein and are commonly well tolerated by babies.

Do babies and toddlers need cow's milk?

No, though the American Academy of Pediatrics does recommend patently cow's milk for toddlers 12 months and older every bit a source of essential fat and nutrients, including calcium, vitamin D, protein, vitamin A, and zinc. 5  That said, if your child is 12 months or older, meeting growth nautical chart standards, without wellness concerns or allergies that may impact diet and eating a wide variety of fresh foods high in the aforementioned essential nutrients, moo-cow'due south milk (or any milk, establish-based or otherwise) may not be necessary. If you want to avert beast milk entirely, it would exist wise to work with your pediatrician and/or pediatric dietitian to ensure your kid is receiving optimal nutrients.

When tin can babies drink cow'southward milk?

Most pediatric organizations have recommended waiting until a baby's beginning altogether to introduce cow's milk equally a drink as the digestive systems of babies may not tolerate moo-cow milk protein in big quantities well. 6 Compared to chest milk or formula, cow'south milk is nutritionally incomplete, which means that information technology does not provide all of the healthy fats and nutrients that your baby needs to thrive. vii 8 While cow'due south milk forms the base for most infant formulas, information technology is modified in formula to go far nutritionally similar to homo milk. 9

Dairy products like yogurt and cheese, however, can be introduced equally early as 6 months of age. Yous do not need to wait to introduce these nutritious foods and many dairy products like Greek yogurt are easily tolerated and digested.

Around 11 months of age, it is our opinion that information technology'southward okay to offer minor sips of cow's milk (most 1 ounce) in an open cup to encourage your babe'south drinking skills and to acclimatize your child to the new taste. Simply avoid replacing breast milk or formula feeds with cow'south milk. Cow's milk should ideally never be served in a bottle, but it can be offered in an open cup or with a straw. Babies who eat moo-cow's milk prior to their first birthday are more at hazard of iron deficiency anemia and abdominal distress, which can also contribute to anemia. 10  Why? Cow'due south milk is low in iron and babies who drink moo-cow's milk may reduce their intake of other iron-rich foods. 11

Tin can I give babe cow'southward milk in a bottle?

Every bit a child starts the transition to moo-cow's milk effectually 12 months one-time, it might feel like a natural progression to serve milk in baby bottles. We propose against this practice for a few key reasons:

  1. Past 12 months of age, most children have go efficient with drinking from a bottle and tin rapidly consume several ounces at a time from one. Considering they are used to the canteen offering a total meal, serving cow'southward milk in this mode tin pb to toddlers taking in also much in one sitting and throughout the day, which increases the risk for fe deficiency anemia and tends to decrease involvement in solids.
  2. Unlike formula and breast/homo milk during infancy, cow's milk is not meant to be a meal for toddlers. Information technology'south a drink to exist consumed with a meal at the tabular array. Bottles are often consumed away from the tabular array for both nourishment and condolement, and so putting cow's milk in a bottle can create a slippery slope toward a toddler drinking cow'south milk throughout the day and away from the tabular array.
  3. Cow's milk in a bottle is associated with increased run a risk of cavities. The risk is highest when a toddler sips on cow's milk from a bottle throughout the day and when they consume moo-cow's milk at nighttime in bed. These practices tin lead to pervasive cavities, commonly referred to as "canteen rot." 12

Is cow's milk skillful or bad for babies?

Compared to breast milk and formula, moo-cow's milk poses many nutritional disadvantages for babies younger than 12 months of age.

Cow'due south milk is low in a number of nutrients but, near importantly, it is low in iron—an essential nutrient that fuels your baby'due south encephalon development. To complicate matters, the blazon of iron that is present in moo-cow's milk is non as well absorbed every bit the grade of iron found in breast milk. 13  While cow'due south milk has more protein and minerals like calcium and phosphorous, the college mineral content may increase the risk of dehydration in babies (though show is express). 14  Lastly, early consumption of cow's milk tin can take the place of other, more nutritious foods that your baby would have otherwise been eating, increasing the risk of nutritional deficiencies equally a effect. 15

Genetics, gut function, and the historic period at the time of introduction all influence your infant'southward response to dairy. Additionally, the quality of dairy matters. Upwards of ninety percent of cows live on a diet of genetically-modified, pro-inflammatory corn, cottonseed, and soy and comprise levels of toxins frequently exceeding government limits. 16 17  Unfortunately, the contaminants in conventional dairy tin can disrupt hormone function and lead to a wide range of adverse wellness concerns. 18

Because we don't fully empathise either the furnishings of these chemicals on the trunk, aim to buy organic, pasteurized dairy if possible. We do understand that organic milk isn't an pick for all families and in this case, nosotros encourage that you practise the best you can with the resources available to y'all and your family.

Whenever you make up one's mind to introduce dairy, be sure to watch for signs that your infant cannot assimilate dairy (such as stomach pain, gas, and/or diarrhea) and consult your pediatrician for communication.

How much cow's milk tin can my kid beverage?

Introduction of cow's milk is discouraged for babies half-dozen-12 months of age, but information technology's fine to offer dairy products such as yogurt or cheese in limited amounts. Effectually 11 months of age it may be fine to offering pocket-sized sips of whole cow's milk (no more than i-2oz) in an open up cup to exercise feeding skills and accustom baby'due south palate to the new taste of moo-cow's milk, as long as it doesn't displace the intake of breast/human milk, formula, or iron-rich foods. 19 20 This practice varies across countries, cultures, and health guidance. Beyond 12 months of age, whole cow's milk is fine to offering to your now toddler, assuming that they have a well-balanced nutrition that has adequate iron. 21

Recommendations for dairy intake for 12 months and up are considered in total servings of dairy products in a day, not only from liquid milk alone. This includes servings of yogurt and cheeses, but excludes butter and ghee. 22

Serving sizes of dairy include the following: 23

  • 1 cup of milk or yogurt (8oz) = 1 serving of dairy
  • 1-1.5oz of cheese = ane serving of dairy
  • 1 cup of a calcium-fortified milk substitute like soy or pea protein milk = one serving of dairy

Fearfulness not, information technology's simpler than it sounds. Allow's break it down by historic period! 24

  • half dozen-12 months: Stick to breast/human milk or formula every bit baby's main drink. A little flake of milk mixed into foods is fine as long as it doesn't replace breast/human being milk or formula intake. At this age, at that place are no set recommendations for total servings of dairy. Aim to limit dairy to 0.5-1 daily servings as baby will be receiving enough of calcium from chest/man milk or formula and to help prioritize iron-rich foods.
    • xi-12 months: Closer to one year of age and with the go ahead from your doctor, it's okay to offer pocket-sized sips of whole moo-cow'south milk (no more than 1 to 2 ounces per day) in an open up cup to accustom baby's palate to the new gustation of moo-cow's milk. That said, it is also fine to hold off.
  • one-ii years: Limit milk consumption to no more than 16oz of moo-cow milk per day or 2 servings total of dairy products then milk doesn't displace valuable nutrients (such as iron) from solids. 25 Opt for whole cow's milk and whole milk dairy products. If yet consuming breast/human milk, the child may not demand every bit many servings of dairy in a day.
  • ii-3 years: Toddlers tin have up to 2-2.5 servings of dairy per day. 26 You may hear of recommendations to switch to a lower fat milk, merely not all kids need this and so be sure to speak with your pediatric health professional person for guidance.

Our recommendations slightly vary from the AAP, which recommends 16-24oz of dairy for children 12+ months and is more in line with USDA'southward recommendation of up to ii daily servings of dairy or other calcium-fortified dairy replacements, such as soy or pea protein milk. 27 It is our stance that exceeding 16oz of dairy for 12-24-month-old children risk displacing valuable nutrients (especially iron) from other food sources as it can impede appetite and hunger.

Annotation: If your kid is dairy-free, then these recommendations besides apply to milk alternatives like soy and pea protein milks. Cheeses and yogurts made from alternative milks are not usually as nutritious equally those made from cow's milk and are ofttimes highly candy. Consider sticking to the dairy-free milk itself equally your kid'south main source of "dairy," calcium, and vitamin D.

an infographic showing daily cow milk limits for babies and toddlers with no cow milk allowed before 11 months of age, small sips in an open cup around 11-12 mos of age, and a suggested max of 16oz per day for 12-24 months

Does calcium in moo-cow's milk inhibit iron absorption?

Yes, calcium can bear upon how our bodies absorb atomic number 26 from certain foods. Know, however, that your baby'due south ability to absorb iron is affected past many factors.

At this stage in life, your baby's fe levels are already at their lowest and lots of fe is needed for salubrious growth. Iron doesn't touch calcium absorption, only calcium does impact the absorption of fe from plants, meat, and seafood. 28 29 This is one of the primal reasons why cow's milk is not recommended for babies under 12 months of age. The body is brilliant at self-regulating and studies show that iron status is non necessarily affected past calcium intake because the trunk will adapt atomic number 26 absorption when stores are low. 30  Studies likewise show that the effect of calcium on iron absorption is reduced when a diet consists of a wide range of foods. 31

What is the best milk for toddlers? Whole milk, low fat, or skim?

The verdict is all the same out. Whole pasteurized milk is recommended for children nether ii years of historic period, at which point many parents are guided to switch their toddler to reduced-fat cow's milk. However, a summary of fourteen studies measuring the effects of consumption of whole milk versus reduced-fat milk shows that college fat intake correlates with lower weight every bit children historic period, and that reduced-fat milk consumption correlates with increased weight or obesity. 32  Whatever fat content you choose, be certain to wait for milk without any added flavors or sugars.

Adie, 18 months, asks for more than milk.

Hawii, 15 months, downs a cup of milk.

Tin cow's milk cause constipation?

Yes. Cow milk, specifically the protein found in cow milk, is notorious for exacerbating constipation. If your kid is 12 months and older, we generally recommend trying a non dairy milk alternative such as fortified unsweetened soy or pea protein milk (and nosotros typically advise against toddler formulas unless prescribed by a doctor for weight gain.) Aside from milk, to foreclose or ease constipation, make certain your kid is drinking plenty of water throughout the twenty-four hours, being offered a varied diet rich in whole foods, and remaining active. Constipation tin can exist a little tricky to treat, so definitely bank check in with your doctor on the program of activity.

What nearly raw milk?

Avoid. Babies' allowed systems are notwithstanding developing, and raw milk can harbor pathogenic bacteria and other potential contaminants that can increase the risk of foodborne illnesses, which tin can be fatal to babies. Pasteurization—the procedure of heating a food to a certain temperature to kill bacteria—is fundamental to reducing the risk of foodborne illness and thus making nutrient safer to eat. 33  For these reasons and more, many medical organizations recommend that all milk for human consumption should be pasteurized. 34

Can babies be allergic to milk?

Absolutely. Cow's milk is one of the virtually mutual food allergens for babies. 35

Can a baby outgrow a milk allergy?

Yes! If your baby is allergic to dairy, be reassured that it is an allergy that often disappears with fourth dimension. Research shows that the majority of children with moo-cow's milk allergy will outgrow it by age six and many babies with milder symptoms of milk protein allergy (which can show up as painless blood in stool) are able to successfully reintroduce cow's milk as early as their get-go birthday, with the guidance of their doctors. 36 37

If baby was diagnosed with CMPA, tin can they consume other dairy products like yogurt and cheese?

No, unfortunately if baby has CMPA, they tin't have other dairy products, including milk, yogurt, and cheese. 38 Milk from other animals, such as goat and sheep, are also not recommended. 39 Lastly, soy milk or soy-based formula is generally not recommended either, as babies with CMPA can besides be sensitive to soy and soy-based products. Remember, inquiry shows that the bulk of children with cow'south milk allergy volition outgrow it by historic period six and many babies with milder symptoms of milk poly peptide allergy (which tin show upwardly equally painless claret in the stool) are able to successfully reintroduce cow'southward milk equally early as their first birthday, with the guidance of their doctors. twoscore

If a recipe requires milk, what is the best milk substitute for a baby with CMPA?

If your baby has CMPA, then they should too avoid milk from other animals, as well equally soy milk and soy products since babies with CMPA can also exist sensitive to these. 41 42 The good news is that there are a number of other milk substitutes bachelor, such as breast/human milk (from a provider who is avoiding dairy and soy in their diet) or a CMPA-advisable formula for babies, equally recommended past your healthcare provider, or fortified pea protein or oat milk for toddlers. Do note that when compared to moo-cow's milk, pea poly peptide milk is generally lower in calories and oat milk is generally lower in protein and can be included equally office of a generally balanced diet. Be sure to connect with your pediatric healthcare provider such as your dietitian/nutritionist, to help identify the all-time substitute for your kid'due south individual needs.

Note: Lactose-free formula or milk would not be advisable for a child with CMPA. In CMPA, the natural proteins in milk are triggering the allergic reaction. Lactose-free milk nevertheless contains these natural proteins but is free of a natural sugar chosen lactose. Lactose-free milk is advisable for individuals with lactose intolerance, simply keep in mind that lactose intolerance is uncommon in infants and toddlers and is typically non an effect in this age group. 43

What is the best milk alternative for children sensitive to cow's milk?

Information technology depends on the age:

0 to 12 months one-time: Breast milk. Studies show that breast milk is the most tolerated milk for babies. 44

If y'all call up your babe has sensitivities to infant formulas with dairy, reach out to your pediatrician for guidance. Cow's milk protein allergy is thought to occur in 2-3% of infants in the The states, and approximately 0.v% of breastfed babies. 45  If your babe is formula fed and is having digestive difficulties, they may need to try out hypoallergenic or amino acrid-based formulas. 46  For breastfed babies, mom may need go on a dairy-complimentary diet (but consult your pediatrician before self-diagnosing) and ensure she is getting adequate nutrition during this fourth dimension besides. Equally always, exist certain to consult a pediatrician or pediatric gastroenterologist and/or pediatric dietitian or nutritionist when selecting an culling, every bit some of these options tin can still pose a take a chance for allergic reaction. 47

12+ months of age: If your baby has a true cow milk poly peptide allergy, they may need to avert mammalian milks likewise (such as buffalo, goat, and sheep milks), in addition to unmodified rice and soy milk every bit these milks have a risk of also triggering an allergic reaction and may non be nutritionally adequate. 48 Even so, if your kid is sensitive to cow'southward milk, only not allergic, they could try culling mammalian milk, or other plant-based milk alternatives listed beneath. 49

What are the best plant-based milks for babies and toddlers?

Not all establish-based milks are created equal when it comes to nutritional value. 50  Furthermore, found-based milks are considered to be a nutritionally incomplete drinkable for babies and may promote nutrient deficiencies if they accept the place of healthier foods for babies, like chest milk or formula. 51   That'southward why general consensus suggests waiting to serve plant-based milks every bit a drinkable until afterwards a baby'south first birthday, though cooking foods with institute-based milks for your baby is perfectly fine.

When shopping for plant-based milks, read the labels. You want to select brands of plant-based milks that are fortified with calcium and vitamin D, free of added sugars, low in preservatives, and offer similar protein and calorie content to moo-cow's milk. Below are our top choices of plant-based milks ranked co-ordinate to nutritional similarity to cow's milk:

  • Soy milk (fortified)
  • Pea poly peptide milk (fortified)
  • Oat milk (fortified)

The chart below shows how pop plant-based milks stack upwards against mammalian milks, organized past nutritional density across key nutrients babies and toddlers need:

Nutritional content of common animal and plant-based milks

Per 8 oz serving

Milk type Calories Fat (gm) Protein (gm) Calcium (mg) Vitamin D (mcg) Vitamin B12 (mcg)
Cowone 149 7.9 seven.vii 276 three.two 1.1
Cow 1 (lactose-free) 146 7.viii 8 300 2.7 1.3
Goat1 168 ten.1 eight.7 327 iii.2 0.2
Sheep1 265 17 15 473 Unavailable 1.vii
Buffalo1 237 17 9 412 Unavailable 0.ix
Camel2 134 7.7 vii.4 274 Unavailable Unavailable
Soyiii,9 105 3.6 vi.3 300 2.7 2.one
Pea4,nine 70 4.v 8 465 vi 2.five
Oat5,9 160 ix 3 350 3.6 one.2
Rice ix 113 2.3 0.vii 283 2.4 ane.5
Almond3,ix ninety 2.5 1 451 ii.five three
Coconutiii,9 76 5.1 0.5 459 2.4 i.5
Hemp6,9 eighty viii 2 390 five 0.6
Flax7,ix 25 2.five 0 280 ii.3 1.4
Macadamia7,9 50 five 1 585 v 1.2
Breast/human milk10 172 10.viii two.53 79 0.25 0.123
Assuming whole milk. 2. Assuming dromedary camel. 52 3. Assuming unsweetened. 4. Using nutritional information from Ripple. v. Using nutritional data from Oatly. vi. Using nutritional information from Tempt. 7. Using nutritional information from Good Karma. 8. Using nutritional information from Milkadamia. 9. Nutritional content will vary with different brands and preparations. 10. The nutrition of all chest milk is not the same and will vary based on various factors, including mom's diet and health. Breast milk, animal milks, and plant-based milks are not nutritionally equivalent; every bit such, animate being and plant-based milks should non be offered in place of breast milk in babies <12 months of historic period. 53
Using information from USDA's FoodData Key unless otherwise specified, accessed May 14, 2020.

What are the all-time plant-based milks for toddlers with allergies?

Fortified, organic soymilk or pea protein milk are the most nutritious milk alternatives from the standpoint of nutrients that toddlers demand. If your child is allergic to soy or legumes, oat milk is a good alternative. In detail:

  • Soy, a legume, was one of the starting time plants to supplant dairy. Compared to cow milk, it'due south lower in carbohydrates, fats and proteins, and insufficient amounts of calcium and B-12. Yet, compared to other plant-based beverages, soymilk is one of the best sources of all of these nutrients, and it's the only found-based milk with protein levels similar to cow's milk. Therefore, if your child can tolerate soymilk, that is the most nutritious option. Note that soy contains high levels of isoflavones (which may alter hormones, though no statistically pregnant data has surfaced), and even so poses risk of allergic reaction. 54  For these reasons, soy may not be ideal as the only plant-based beverages offered as a milk alternative.
  • Pea protein milk, another legume, (often sold under the make name Ripple), offers fewer carbohydrates and fat than cow'south milk, yet is a great source of protein. It also touts higher levels of calcium, iron and vitamin D than cow'southward milk, and is fortified with vitamin B12. 55
  • Oat, a pseudo-grain, is low in benign fats and proteins, even so has a meliorate amino acid profile that other plant-based beverages. While the fiber in oats may benefit the gut, it'due south naturally low in calcium (although information technology is often fortified with calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12) and also contains phytic acid, which may inhibit nutrient absorption. 56

Also, each of these plant-based beverages has benefits and drawbacks. If using a milk alternative, opt for one that is fortified with key vitamins and minerals (be sure to read labels, every bit non all are fortified). Some are high on the glycemic index and come up in forms that also include added sugars, preservatives, binders and other ingredients that may not benefit wellness when offered frequently and in large quantities. 57 Lastly, about grains, nuts and legumes grown in conventional agriculture are genetically modified and/or are grown with chemicals. Therefore, consider milk alternatives as a "sometimes" drinkable and/or considering rotating the types of milk alternatives you offer.

In about cases, milk alternatives are not recommended to supercede cow's milk (except for health reasons). A well-balanced diet consisting of whole plant and beast foods may offering platonic nutrient intake without cow'due south milk or fortified milk alternatives. As always, piece of work with your pediatrician, allergist, and/or pediatric dietitian or nutritionist when selecting a cow milk culling that is all-time for your child.

Is almond milk proficient for babies and toddlers?

Unfortunately, almond milk lacks the protein, fat, and calories we like to see in plant-based milks for toddlers. More nutritious options would exist fortified soy, pea, or oat milk—all of which have greater amounts of calories, fat, and protein.

What if my child won't potable milk?

In full general, milk is a great source of protein, fatty, carbohydrates, zinc, vitamin B12, and particularly, calcium and vitamin D (if the milk if vitamin D-fortified). The practiced news is that you can find many of these essential nutrients from a broad variety of foods. Permit's strop in on the key nutrients found in milk, calcium and vitamin D. For calcium, you lot can offer other calcium-rich foods to your child like yogurt and cheese, besides equally plant-based sources of calcium similar sesame, almonds, broccoli, other dark dark-green vegetables, and tofu or other soy products that are made with calcium. When it comes to vitamin D, there aren't a ton of foods that are naturally rich in it. Interestingly, yogurt and cheese aren't normally rich in vitamin D. There is a small scattering of vitamin D-rich foods, such as fatty fish, egg yolks, certain mushrooms exposed sunshine/UV-light, liver, and vitamin D-fortified milk alternatives. A annotation: vitamin D is usually supplemented, even for those with no dietary restrictions. If your wellness care provider says your child needs a supplement, don't worry, low vitamin D levels are common for infants, kids, and adults alike. 58 Bottom line: don't sweat it if your child isn't drinking milk; nutritionally, at that place are tons of other alternatives to offer.

Amelia, thirteen months, refuses cow milk. This is very common with exclusively breastfed toddlers.

How much breast milk tin my child drink after their outset birthday?

At that place's no definitive cap on breast milk intake (as there is for cow'south milk, for case). However, information technology'south important to brand sure that breast milk isn't coming at the expense of solid food. After your infant's starting time birthday, the main source of diet should be solid food. A good rule of pollex is to limit breastfeeding sessions to three to 4 times per 24 hours after your baby's starting time birthday and to make sure you are not breastfeeding as well close to the solid meals. Information technology can help to think of treating breastfeeds as you would snacks.

For case, make certain you offering solids get-go, and then if you want to top off with breast milk, wait at least 20 minutes later the solid repast so your child doesn't hold out for the chest and skip the meal. A breastfeed is well-nigh the equivalent of a meal or snack, and then if you are breastfeeding on demand and your child isn't eating well at the table, it'southward very possible that it's because too much breast milk is being consumed.

For more information on this topic, check out our video on feeding schedules and weaning.

Is breast milk the aforementioned as other milks?

Admittedly not. Breast milk is a very special food, because it is biologically active, pregnant it contains unique components that support your baby's growth, immunity, and gut health. 59 Interestingly, its food composition can besides vary depending on a variety of factors, significant its nutritional content fluctuates. 60 Breast milk, or babe formula, is the ideal source of nutrition for a baby and should exist a infant's sole source of nutrition for the beginning 6 months of life. From 6-12 months of age, breast milk or formula should go along to be your baby's primary potable.

The nutritional composition of breast milk can vary based on a number of factors; some moms may produce fattier breast milk, while others may produce lighter breast milk – no breast milk is the same. What's more, is that mom's diet tin also bear on the nutrients and components establish in breast milk, only more research is needed in this expanse. 61 In general, breast milk may be lower in protein and other nutrients, but higher in fat (to provide enough of calories to support baby's growth), when compared to animal and plant-based milks. That said, the nutrients in chest milk are idea to exist more bachelor for absorption than other milks. 62 63 In summary, no other milk, likewise baby formula, can supplant chest milk for an infant.

How exercise you properly shop chest milk?

The nigh important affair to go on in mind when storing chest milk is avoiding cantankerous contamination with other foods. All containers for drove and storage of breast milk should be kept make clean and sterile.

It is acceptable to store breast milk for upward to 4 days in the refrigerator (preferably in the back of the refrigerator to prevent intermittent warming from the door opening). If y'all are going to freeze chest milk, try to freeze the fresh or refrigerated chest milk inside 24 hours as the beneficial enzymes brainstorm to change at approximately 25 hours. This doesn't take to be a determining gene in the how quickly you freeze your refrigerated milk, but it's worth consideration.

If not used inside 72 hours, fresh breast milk should be transferred to the freezer in a clean, freezer-condom container and dated. While information technology is acceptable to store chest milk in a deep freezer with an attached fridge (0°F or −18°C) for up to 6 months and in a deep freezer (−four°F or −20°C) for upwardly to 9-12 months, the sooner you lot use it, the better. Frozen chest milk lasts safely in the freezer for one calendar month while preserving well-nigh of the nutrients, but afterward 3 months in the freezer, there is a noteworthy decline in concentrations of fats, calories and other macronutrients.

To thaw, plan ahead and defrost overnight in the refrigerator, and never on the counter. And because heating to excessive temperatures can greatly change the nutrient quality, refrain from defrosting breast milk in the microwave or on the stove. Once breast milk is completely thawed, you accept 24 hours to use information technology. And recall: breast milk does not accept to be heated at all! Many babies will happily drink room temperature—or fifty-fifty common cold—breast milk.

Can y'all melt with chest milk?

Yes, though estrus does change the structure of breast milk. Some studies have suggested that when breast milk is heated to merely 100.4°F (38°C)—slightly higher up body temperature—its proteins brainstorm to break downwards. This means that even when nosotros oestrus stored chest milk it can lose important immunologically "active" and digestive components that benefit babies.

While you lot lose some nutrients in the heating process, cooked breast milk even so offers nutritional value, and so if you want to cook with your breast milk, become for it. Just know information technology would be meliorate merely to add some fresh breast milk stirred into food after it has been cooked.

Notation: If yous intend to freeze the food you lot cook with breast milk, remember to just use fresh breast milk as it is not rubber to refreeze breast milk.

My baby has gone on a nursing strike. What practice I practice?

A nursing strike can commonly final a few days to a week, sometimes longer depending on the cause of the strike. Usually, it's a normal role of infant development, but can also be acquired by hurting, teething, ear infection. Regardless of the underlying reason, information technology'south stressful! It's of import to note that the baby is not rejecting you or the milk, merely just managing a unlike feel. Milk supply is fairly regulated and a few days of disruption won't drastically impact your milk supply. Additionally, efficient breastfeeding babies will often spend less time extracting enough milk from the breast and expect a reduction in the number of nursing sessions every bit baby ages and increases solid nutrient intake. Here are some ways to encourage infant back to the breast to proceed your breastfeeding journey:

  • If baby is distracted: nurse in a decreased stimulating surround (like a dark, serenity room), nurse while baby is drowsy or in the baby carrier, try the side lying position, and/or increase the amount of evening/night fourth dimension nursing opportunities.
  • If baby is congested or you lot suspect an ear infection/head common cold: nurse in an upright position to aid with nasal drainage and use breast compressions as needed to increase milk flow.
  • Increase skin-to-peel or babywearing. This is particularly helpful if you lot suspect a pain-related reason for the nursing strike.
  • If teething: endeavor rubbing the gums with chilled breast/human milk and apply teethers that reach back to the molars. Increasing skin-to-skin will also help with this.

Nursing strikes can also happen during pregnancy or menstruation/ovulation. In each of these cases, milk can take on a dissimilar season and supply naturally decreases.

Can you shop formula in the refrigerator?

Yes. Similarly to breast milk, information technology is of import to: avoid cross contamination with other foods, maintain clean surfaces, utilize sterile containers, keep the fridge at less than 41°F or 5°C, and preferably place the formula at the back of the refrigerator to avoid intermittent warming with door openings. 64  If formula is prepared from powder for subsequently use, information technology should be covered and stored in the refrigerator immediately and is recommended to exist used within 24 hours to avert risk of foodborne affliction. If using a ready-to-feed formula, one time opened, it tin exist stored covered in the fridge for up to 48 hours. Formula that is left over from feeding your baby should not be stored in the fridge and should be thrown abroad every bit your babe'south saliva can contribute to the growth of bacteria. 65

Can y'all cook with formula?

Yes, though similarly to breast milk, heating formula tin also degrade sure nutrients and subtract the bioavailability (the usability) of certain vitamins and minerals. 66 67 68

This can be avoided by adding prepared or powdered formula into foods after cooking. Up to 1 teaspoon of powdered baby formula tin exist sprinkled onto 4 ounces of soft or puree textured foods. 69  Prepared formula can be used to thin out certain thicker consistency foods and stirred into other foods. That being said, nosotros recognize that feeding your baby can feel overwhelming at times and nosotros want to reassure yous that it is completely fine to cook with prepared babe formula every bit it withal provides calories, fat, protein, and other vital nutrients to help your baby thrive.

When can babies drink water?

In modest amounts, water may be introduced after 6 months of age. When babies eat water, information technology puts them at risk of inadequate intake of calories, protein, and essential nutrients. Yet, per the American Academy of Pediatrics, starting around 6 months of age—and equally long every bit baby is growing and gaining appropriately—small amounts of water tin can be offered, although not normally required.

While the American University of Pediatrics suggests y'all tin can offer up to 8 ounces of water per solar day starting at 6 months quondam, it is our strong opinion that h2o should be limited to less than two to iv ounces a day so it doesn't readapt valuable nutrition from chest milk or formula. 70  If you're concerned about your infant's hydration status, you lot can monitor the number of wet diapers and energy levels and contact your pediatrician.

Does my toddler need a toddler formula, transition formula, or another special supplemental drinks?

In brusk: no. Toddler formulas and "transition formulas" for the most office are not necessary for your kid. What'southward more, these toddler formulas exercise non face the aforementioned level of regulatory scrutiny equally baby formulas. 71 You can continue providing breast milk well into toddlerhood and offer moo-cow's milk at 12 months of age while focusing on providing a nutritious and diverse diet. Special supplemental drinks, like Pediasure, are not typically required for virtually toddlers unless in that location is a medical need. Either style, both of these options tend to have added sugars and preservatives, which are best to avert where possible. Every bit always, be sure to talk to your pediatric health care provider for more than guidance and data on this.

Reviewed by:

5. Kalami, MNSP, RD, CSP

J. Truppi, MSN, CNS

R. Ruiz, MD, FAAP. Board Certified Pediatrician & Gastroenterologist

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